Psychological phenomena mirror1/10/2024 The mere-exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. For other uses of 'Familiarity', see Familiarity (disambiguation). ↑ * " Le stade du miroir comme formateur de la fonction du Je." Écrits.New York: Nortion Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. The mirror stage is also closely related to narcissism, as the story of Narcissus clearly shows (in the Greek myth, Narcissus falls in love with his own reflection). The moment after the subject has jubilantly assumed his image as his own, he turns his head round towards this adult, who represents the big Other, as if to call on him to ratify this image. The symbolic order is present in the figure of the adult who is carrying or supporting the infant. However, the mirror stage also has an important symbolic dimension. It represents the introduction of the subject into the imaginary order. The mirror stage shows that the ego is the product of misunderstanding ( méconnaissance and the site where the subject becomes alienated from himself. This identification also involves the ideal ego which functions as a promise of future wholeness which sustains the ego in anticipation. However, this jubilation may also be accompanied by a depressive reaction, when the child compares his own precarious sense of mastery with the omnipotence of the mother. joy is due to his imaginary triumph in anticipating a degree of muscular co-ordination which he has not yet actually achieved. The moment of identification, when the subject assumes its image as its own, is described by Lacan as a moment of jubilation, since it leads to an imaginary sense of mastery: In order to resolve this aggressive tension, the subject identifies with the image this primary identification with the counterpart is what forms the ego. The baby sees its own image as whole, and the synthesis of this image produces a sense of contrast with the uncoordination of the body, which is experienced as a fragmented body this contrast is first felt by the infant as a rivalry with its own image, because the wholeness of the image threatens the subject with fragmentation, and the mirror stage thereby gives rise to an aggressive tension between the subject and the image. However, its visual system is relatively advanced, which means that it can recognize itself in the mirror before attaining control over its bodily movements. The key to this phenomenon lies in the prematurity of the human baby: at six months, the baby still lacks coordination. The mirror stage describes the formation of the ego via the process of identification the ego is the result of identifying with one's own specular image. It illustrates the conflictual nature of the dual relationship. The mirror stage is far from a mere phenomenon which occurs in the development of the child. On its " historical value" and ever more on its structural value. Dual RelationshipĪs Lacan further develops the concept of the mirror stage, the stress falls less In the second place, it typifies an essential libidinal relationship with the body-image. In the first place, it has historical value as it marks a decisive turning-point in the mental development of the child. a phenomenon to which I assign a twofold value. Whereas in 1936-49, Lacan seems to see it is a stage which can be located at a specific time in the development of the child with a beginning (six months) and an end (eighteen months), by the end of this period there are already signs that he is broadening the concept.īy the early 1950s Lacan no longer regards it simply as a moment in the life of the infant, but sees it as also representing a permanent structure of subjectivity, the paradigm of the imaginary order it is a stadium ( stade) in which the subject is permanently caught and captivated by his own image: Lacan's concept of the mirror stage represents a fundamental aspect of the structure of subjectivity. The six-month-old child differs from the chimpanzee of the same age in that the former becomes fascinated with its reflection in the mirror and jubilantly assumes it as its own image, whereas the chimpanzee quickly realizes that the image is illusory and loses interest in it. It refers to a particular experiment which can differentiate the human infant from his closest animal relative, the chimpanzee. The " mirror test" was first described by the French psychologist and friend of Lacan, Henri Wallon, in 1931, although Lacan attributes its discovery to Baldwin. The concept is a constant point of reference throughout Lacan's work, and becomes increasingly complex as it is reworked in various different contexts. The concept of the mirror stage is Lacan's first important contribution to psychoanalytic theory, Lacan's first innovation within the field of psychoanalysis, propounded at an IPA conference at Marienbad in 1936.
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